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Saponification

What is Saponification?

SAP Values

Fatty Acid Profiles

Iodine & INS Values

Temperature

Trace

Gel Phase

Curing

Insulate vs. Refrigerate

How to Test PH

Safety & Precautions

Lye Calculator

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SAPONIFICATION VALUES

SAP Values for Oils, Butters & Lipids

Our saponification values have been gathered primarily from our suppliers and product documentation. In some cases, we have relied upon outside sources. Certain SAP values will differ from those listed in other sources because SAP values can fall within a range of values acceptable for an oil/butter/lipid. The actual value will change depending on the origin of the lipid and what the weather conditions were for that particular plant material and processing techniques. In most cases we used an average of the range so that your soap will not come out lye heavy in the event that the actual SAP value was on the lower end of the range.

These numbers are actual SAP values expressed in the number of mg of KOH required to saponify 1 g of oil/fat. When reading a certificate of analysis of an oil/fat, the SAP Value will be listed in this way. Most soapers prefer to convert these numbers when making soap to be able to calculate their lye easily. You will see these converted values listed as decimal values. They are derived from the actual SAP value and are not true SAP values.

Calculating SAP Conversion Numbers

Dividing the SAP value by 1000 gives us a ratio of KOH to Oil in the same units (mg), and therefore becomes the ratio of KOH needed for any unit, as long as you use the same units to measure your KOH and Oils.

  • Example: An oil with an average SAP value of 190 will require 190/1000 = 0.190 g of KOH per g of oil, or 0.190 ounces of KOH per ounce of oil, or 0.190 pounds of KOH per pound of oil.

Dividing the SAP value by 1402.50 or multiplying the KOH ratio by 40/56.1 (the ratio of the molecular weights of NaOH/KOH), gives us the amount of NaOH required for any unit, as long as you use the same units to measure your NaOH and Oils.

  • Example: An oil with an average SAP value of 190 will require 190/1402.50 = 0.135 g of NaOH per 1 g of oil, 0.135 ounces NaOH per ounce of oil, or 0.135 pounds of NaOH per pound of oil.

Our chart below has the SAP Values converted into values ready to work with.  To convert actual SAP Values of oils not found on this chart:

  • Solid Soap (NaOH): Divide the average SAP Value by 1402.50
  • Liquid Soap (KOH): Divide the average SAP Value by 1000

LIPIDSSAPNAOHKOHINCI Name

A
Almond Butter, Sweet90 - 140
0.0820.115Prunus amygdalus dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil (and) Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil
Almond Oil, Sweet190 - 200 0.1390.195Prunus amygdalus dulcis (Sweet Almond) Oil
Aloe Vera Butter220 - 260 0.1710.24Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil and Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract
Apricot Kernel Butter130 - 1450.098 0.138Prunus armeniacae (Apricot) Kernel Oil
Apricot Kernel Oil, Organic185 - 1950.1350.19Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil
Argan Oil, Virgin Organic180 - 2000.1350.19Argania Spinosa (Argan) Kernel Oil
Avocado Butter177 - 1980.1340.188Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil
Avocado Oil177 - 1980.134 0.188Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil
Avocado Oil, Organic185 - 2000.1380.193Persea gratissima (Avocado) Oil
Avocado Oil, Refined185 - 2300.1480.208Persea Gratissima (Avocado) Oil
Avocado Oil, Virgin 177 - 198 0.134 0.188 Persea gratissima (Avocado) Oil

B


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Babassu Oil 245 - 256 0.179 0.251 Orbignya Oleifera (Babassu) Seed Oil
Baobab Oil 180 - 200 0.135 0.19 Adansonia Digital (Baobab) Oil
Beef Tallow 196 0.14 0.196
Black Cumin Seed Oil 185 - 205 0.139 0.195 Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil
Black Cumin Seed Oil, Organic 185 - 2050.1390.195 Nigella sativa (Black Cumin) Seed Oil
Black Currant Seed Oil 185 - 195 0.135 0.19 Ribes Nigrum (Blackcurrant) Seed Oil
Borage Oil 175 - 196 0.133 0.186 Borago officinalis (Borage) Seed Oil
Borage Oil, Organic 170 - 2150.138 0.193Borago officinalis (Borage) Seed Oil
Brazil Nut Oil, Organic 192 - 202 0.140.197 Bertholletia Excelsa (Brazil) Nut Oil
Buriti Oil 185 - 240 0.152 0.213 Mauritia Flexuosa (Buriti) Fruit Oil

C


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Camelina Oil 185 - 197 0.136 0.191 Camelina sativa (Camelina) Seed Oil
Candelilla Wax Pellets 43 - 650.039 0.054 Candelilla (Euphorbia cerifera ) Wax
Canola Oil 173 0.1230.173
Carnauba Wax Flakes 78 - 950.062 0.087 Carnauba (Copernicia cerifera) Wax
Castor Oil, Jamaican Black 176 - 186 0.129 0.181 Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil
Cherry Kernel Oil 180 - 200 0.135 0.19 Prunus Avium (Cherry) Kernel Oil
Cocoa Butter, Deodorized 188 - 200 0.1380.194 Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter
Cocoa Oil 173 - 188 0.129 0.181 Theobroma cacao (Cocoa) Oil
Coconut Oil 76 degree 250 - 264 0.183 0.257 Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil
Coconut Oil, Organic, Virgin 250 - 2650.1840.258 Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Oil
Coconut Oil, Virgin, Organic 248 - 268 0.184 0.258 Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Oil
Coffee Bean Butter 175 - 200 0.134 0.188 Coffea arabica Seed Oil (and) Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil
Corn Oil 190 0.135 0.19
Cottonseed Oil 192 0.137 0.192
Cucumber Seed Oil 180 - 190 0.132 0.185 Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Oil
Cupuacu Butter, Refined 210 - 235 0.159 0.223 Theobroma grandiflorum (Cupuacu) Butter

D


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Deer Tallow 195 0.139 0.195

E


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Emu Oil, Clear AEA Certified 185 - 200 0.1380.193 Emu Oil
Evening Primrose Oil 180 - 195 0.134 0.188 Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil

F


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Flax Seed Oil 186 - 196 0.136 0.191 Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil
Fractionated 325 - 3450.239 0.335 Coconut Oil Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil

G


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Goat Tallow 1950.139 0.195
Grape Seed Oil 180 - 2000.135 0.19Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Oil, Tocopherol
Grape Seed Oil, Chardonnay 176 - 194 0.1320.185Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Oil
Grape Seed Oil, Riesling 185 - 200 0.1380.193Vitis vinifera (Grape) Seed Oil

H


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Hazelnut Oil 187 - 195 0.136 0.191 Corylus Avellana (Hazel) Seed Oil
Hemp Seed Butter 175 - 200 0.1340.188 Cannabis sativa Seed Oil (and) Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil
Hemp Seed Oil 190 - 195 0.138 0.193 Cannabis sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil
High Linoleic Safflower Oil 180 - 195 0.134 0.188 Carthamus tinctorus (Safflower) Oil

I


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Illipe Butter 188 - 200 0.138 0.194 Shorea stenoptera (Illipe) Seed Butter
J


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Jojoba Oil, Golden, Organic 90 - 950.066 0.093 Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil
Karanja Oil, Organic 186 - 196 0.136 0.191 Pongamia Glabra (Karanja) Seed Oil

K


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Kokum Butter 187 - 1930.1350.19 Garcinia indica (Kokum) Seed Butter
Kukui Nut Oil 190 - 195 0.138 0.193 Aleurites moluccana (Kukui) Nut Oil
L


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Lanolin Oil 90 - 110 0.071 0.1 Lanolin Oil
Lard 193 0.138 0.193
Lecithin Liquid 180 - 200 0.135 0.19 Lecithin

M


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Macadamia Nut Butter 175 - 200 0.134 0.188 Macadamia ternifolia Seed Oil (and) Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil
Macadamia Nut Oil 190 - 2000.139 0.195 Macadamia integrifolia (Macadamia) Nut Oil
Mango Butter 183 - 198 0.136 0.191 Mangifera indica (Mango) Seed Butter
Mango Oil (Olein) 180 - 1950.1340.188 Mangifera indica (Mango) Seed Oil
Manketti Oil 190 - 205 0.141 0.198 Schinziophyton rautanenii (Manketti) Oil
Maracuja Oil Passionfruit, Virgin 150 - 210 0.128 0.18 Passiflora Edulis (Passionfruit) Seed Oil
Marula Oil, Virgin 188 - 199 0.138 0.194 Sclerocarya Birrea (Marula) Kernel Oil
Meadowfoam Oil 169 0.12 0.169Limnanthes alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil
Meadowfoam Seed Oil 160 - 175 0.12 0.168 Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil
Monoi de Tahiti Oil240 - 2700.1820.255Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil, Gardenia Tahitensis (Tiare) Flower Extract
Moringa Oil 185 - 205 0.1390.195 Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil
Murumuru Butter 245 - 2600.180.253 Astrocaryum Murumuru Butter
Mustard Oil 1720.1230.172

N


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Neem Oil 1970.14 0.197 Azadirachta indica (Neem) Oil
Neem Oil, Organic 175 - 205 0.135 0.19 Azadirachta Indica (Neem) Seed Oil
Niger-Seed Oil 189 0.1350.189
Nilotica Shea Butter, Organic 185 - 1950.135 0.19 Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Seed Butter

O


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Oat Oil 185 - 2000.138 0.193 Avena sativa (Oat) Kernel Oil
Olive Butter 175 - 200 0.1340.188Olea europea (Olive) Seed Oil (and) Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil
Olive Oil 184 - 196 0.135 0.19 Olea europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil
Olive Oil, Extra Virgin, Organic 184 - 196 0.1350.19Olea europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil
Organic Evening Primrose Oil 180 - 195 0.134 0.188 Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil
Organic Oil: Neem 190 - 1990.1390.195 Azadirachta Indica (Neem) Kernel Oil
Organic Rose Hip Seed Oil, Refined 175 - 195 0.132 0.185 Rosa Canina (Rose Hip) Seed Oil
Organic Virgin Hemp Seed Oil 188 - 1940.136 0.191 Cannabis Sativa (Hemp) Seed Oil

P


SAP
NAOH
KOH
INCI Name
Palm Oil 190 - 205 0.1410.198 Elaeis guineensis (Palm) Oil
Peach Kernel Oil 185 - 1950.135 0.19 Prunus Persica (Peach) Kernel Oil
Peanut Oil 190 0.135 0.19
Pecan Oil 186 - 1940.135 0.19 Algooquian pacaan (Pecan) Nut Oil
Pequi Oil 190 - 2150.145 0.203 Caryocar braziliensis (Pequi) Fruit Oil